{"id":2453,"date":"2020-03-31T10:44:42","date_gmt":"2020-03-31T10:44:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rtpr.ro\/uncategorized-ro\/moratorium-on-loan-and-leasing-payments-how-does-this-work\/"},"modified":"2022-06-27T14:47:47","modified_gmt":"2022-06-27T14:47:47","slug":"moratorium-on-loan-and-leasing-payments-how-does-this-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rtpr.ro\/ro\/rtpr-emergency-journal\/moratorium-on-loan-and-leasing-payments-how-does-this-work\/","title":{"rendered":"Suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor la credite \u0219i leasinguri: cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2453\" class=\"elementor elementor-2453 elementor-1451\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-547b9ed7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"547b9ed7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1463a257\" data-id=\"1463a257\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb4e871 elementor-tabs-view-horizontal elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"bb4e871\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1961\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1961\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Rom\u00e2n\u0103<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1961\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Rom\u00e2n\u0103<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1961\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1961\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><p>Guvernul Rom\u00e2niei a adoptat noi m\u0103suri destinate sprijinirii anumitor categorii de debitori rom\u00e2ni care \u00eent\u00e2mpin\u0103 dificult\u0103\u021bi financiare din cauza epidemiei de COVID-19. Conform Ordonan\u021bei de Urgen\u021b\u0103 nr. 37 din 30 martie 2020 (<strong>Ordonan\u021ba privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor<\/strong>), persoanele fizice, persoanele fizice autorizate, \u00eentreprinderile individuale \u015fi \u00eentreprinderile familiale<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>, profesiile care \u00ee\u0219i exercit\u0103 activitatea \u00een baza unor legi speciale (de exemplu avoca\u021bii), precum \u0219i <strong>persoanele juridice<\/strong> (cu excep\u021bia institu\u021biilor de credit) afectate de epidemia de COVID-19 pot trimite o solicitare creditorilor (institu\u021bii de credit sau institu\u021bii financiare nebancare, inclusiv sucursalele institu\u021biilor de credit sau institu\u021biilor financiare nebancare str\u0103ine care desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 activitate pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei) pentru a suspenda plata ratelor din contractele de credit \u0219i\/sau leasing (rate de capital, dob\u00e2nzi \u0219i\/sau comisioane) pentru maximum 9 luni. Ordonan\u021ba privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor a intrat \u00een vigoare la data de 30 martie 2020.<\/p><p>Ad\u0103ugarea <strong>pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor din contractele de leasing<\/strong> \u00een domeniul de aplicare al Ordonan\u021bei privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 \u00eentr-o etap\u0103 relativ final\u0103 a elabor\u0103rii proiectului, \u00eentr-o manier\u0103 mai degrab\u0103 inconsecvent\u0103; din aceast\u0103 cauz\u0103 este neclar dac\u0103 dispozi\u021biile actului normativ ce se refer\u0103 la contractele de credit sunt aplicabile \u00een integralitatea lor \u0219i contractelor de leasing (de\u0219i \u00een cuprinsul ordonan\u021bei se face referire la <em>credite<\/em>).<\/p><p>Solicit\u0103rile privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor se pot face \u00een cel mult 45 de zile. Suspendarea poate fi solicitat\u0103 pentru o perioad\u0103 cuprins\u0103 \u00eentre o lun\u0103 \u0219i 9 luni; suspendarea nu poate \u00eens\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219i data de 31 decembrie 2020.<\/p><p><strong><span style=\"color: #b23400;\">Ce urmeaz\u0103?<\/span> <\/strong>Ordonan\u021ba privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor prevede c\u0103 mai multe detalii vor fi incluse \u00een normele de aplicare (<strong>Normele de aplicare<\/strong>) care urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 fie adoptate \u00een termen de 15 zile. Astfel, modalitatea de aplicare a Ordonan\u021bei privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor p\u00e2n\u0103 la publicarea acestor norme r\u0103m\u00e2ne relativ incert\u0103.<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #b23400;\"><strong>Cine poate solicita suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor? <\/strong><\/span>Persoanele fizice, entit\u0103\u021bile la care se face referire mai sus \u00een preambul, precum \u0219i persoanele juridice (cu excep\u021bia institu\u021biilor de credit) ale c\u0103ror venituri au fost afectate direct sau indirect de epidemia de COVID-19. \u00cen acest sens, \u00een\u021belesul conceptului de <em>persoane afectate<\/em> <em>direct<\/em> pare relativ clar, \u00eens\u0103 ne a\u0219tept\u0103m s\u0103 reg\u0103sim mai multe detalii privind defini\u021bia <em>persoanelor afectate indirect <\/em>\u00een Normele de aplicare.<\/p><p>Debitorul poate beneficia de suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor numai dac\u0103 (i) contractul de credit nu a ajuns la maturitate anterior intr\u0103rii \u00een vigoare a Ordonan\u021bei privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor, (ii) creditorul nu a declarat scaden\u021ba anticipat\u0103 anterior intr\u0103rii \u00een vigoare a Ordonan\u021bei privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor, \u0219i (iii) nu erau \u00eenregistrate restan\u021be la data instituirii st\u0103rii de urgen\u021b\u0103 pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> (alternativ, debitorul poate efectua plata acestor restan\u021be p\u00e2n\u0103 la data solicit\u0103rii suspend\u0103rii obliga\u021biei de plat\u0103 a ratelor). \u00cen plus fa\u021b\u0103 de aceste condi\u021bii, debitorii (cu excep\u021bia persoanelor fizice) sunt eligibili dac\u0103 (iv) de\u021bin un certificat de\/pentru situa\u021bii de urgen\u021b\u0103 prin care se constat\u0103 diminuarea veniturilor cu minimum 25% \u00een martie 2020 (prin raportare la media lunilor ianuarie \u0219i februarie) sau \u0219i-au \u00eentrerupt activitatea total sau par\u0163ial ca efect al deciziilor emise de autorit\u0103\u0163ile publice, \u0219i (v) nu se afl\u0103 \u00een stare de insolven\u021b\u0103 la data solicit\u0103rii suspend\u0103rii ramburs\u0103rii creditului, conform informa\u021biilor puse la dispozi\u021bie de Registrului Comer\u021bului.<\/p><p><strong><span style=\"color: #b23400;\">Ce categorii de creditori \u0219i contracte intr\u0103 \u00een sfera de aplicare?<\/span> <\/strong>Ordonan\u021ba privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor se aplic\u0103 <em>contractelor de \u00eemprumut\/credit<\/em> (f\u0103r\u0103 ca aceste no\u021biuni, utilizate alternativ \u00een Ordonan\u021ba privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor, s\u0103 fie definite) \u0219i <em>contractelor de leasing<\/em> acordate de <em>institu\u021bii de credit sau de institu\u021bii financiare nebancare, precum \u0219i de sucursalele institu\u021biilor de credit sau institu\u021biilor financiare nebancare str\u0103ine care desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 activitate pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei<\/em>. R\u0103m\u00e2ne de v\u0103zut dac\u0103 conceptul de contract de \u00eemprumut\/credit va fi interpretat restrictiv (\u00een sensul de \u00eemprumut acordat printr-un contract de \u00eemprumut) sau extensiv, iar \u00een acest din urm\u0103 caz c\u00e2t de extensiv (\u0219i astfel s\u0103 includ\u0103 \u0219i alte tipuri de aranjamente de finan\u021bare).<\/p><p>Dup\u0103 p\u0103rerea noastr\u0103, este discutabil dac\u0103 prevederile Ordonan\u021bei privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor sunt aplicabile \u0219i altor <strong>produse bancare<\/strong>, care includ \u0219i un element de creditare (cum ar fi contractele de factoring, acorduri privind opera\u021biunile de trezorerie (<em>cash pooling<\/em>) sau tranzac\u021bii cu instrumente financiare derivate). \u00cen practic\u0103, \u00een lipsa unor clarific\u0103ri, ne a\u0219tept\u0103m s\u0103 apar\u0103 abord\u0103ri variate, de la caz la caz.<\/p><p>De asemenea, consider\u0103m c\u0103 rambursarea contractelor de \u00eemprumut acordate de <strong>creditori care nu sunt institu\u021bii de credit sau institu\u021bii financiare nebancare<\/strong> (cum ar fi contracte de \u00eemprumut acordate de institu\u021bii financiare interna\u021bionale) sau ramburs\u0103rile aferente opera\u021biunilor cu instrumente de datorie (<strong>obliga\u021biuni<\/strong>) nu sunt incluse \u00een domeniul de aplicare al Ordonan\u021bei privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor.<\/p><p>O problem\u0103 interesant\u0103 este \u00een ce m\u0103sur\u0103 Ordonan\u021ba privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor s-ar putea aplica \u0219i contractelor de \u00eemprumut acordate de <strong>creditori str\u0103ini<\/strong> unor debitori rom\u00e2ni. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere preambulul Ordonan\u021bei privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor, \u00een\u021belegem c\u0103 inten\u021bia nu a fost ca aceasta s\u0103 se aplice \u0219i \u00eemprumuturilor acordate de creditori str\u0103ini. Cu toate acestea, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere defini\u021biile legale ale categoriilor de creditori de mai sus, nu putem exclude situa\u021bia \u00een care o instan\u021b\u0103 rom\u00e2n\u0103 aplic\u0103 dispozi\u021biile privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor \u0219i unor contracte de \u00eemprumut acordate de creditori str\u0103ini (consider\u00e2nd c\u0103 Ordonan\u021ba privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor prevede norme de ordine public\u0103 sau de aplicare imediat\u0103 \u00een Rom\u00e2nia). Acela\u0219i ra\u021bionament se aplic\u0103 \u0219i \u00een cazul <strong>contractelor de \u00eemprumut guvernate de o lege str\u0103in\u0103<\/strong>.<\/p><p>Mai mult dec\u00e2t at\u00e2t, vor trebui analizate de la caz la caz scenariile complexe \u2013 care nu sunt reglementate de Ordonan\u021ba privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor, precum situa\u021bia \u00een care unii debitori sunt rom\u00e2ni \u0219i al\u021bii sunt str\u0103ini.<\/p><p><strong><span style=\"color: #b23400;\">Suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor are loc automat?<\/span> <\/strong>Nu, suspendarea se va produce <em>la cererea debitorului<\/em>, care va fi ulterior analizat\u0103 \u0219i aprobat\u0103 de creditor conform prevederilor din Normele de aplicare. \u00cen termen de 30 de zile de la primirea unei astfel de cereri de suspendare, creditorul trebuie s\u0103 notifice debitorul cu privire la clauzele contractuale modificate ca urmare a implement\u0103rii Ordonan\u021bei privind suspendarea pl\u0103\u021bii ratelor.<\/p><p><strong><span style=\"color: #b23400;\">Exist\u0103 vreo implica\u021bie financiar\u0103 \u00een cazul \u00een care este suspendat\u0103 plata ratelor?<\/span> <\/strong>Da. Dob\u00e2nda continu\u0103 s\u0103 curg\u0103 pe durata suspend\u0103rii pentru sumele a c\u0103ror plat\u0103 este am\u00e2nat\u0103. Dob\u00e2nda astfel acumulat\u0103 se capitalizeaz\u0103 la finalul perioadei de suspendare, ad\u0103ug\u00e2ndu-se la soldul creditului \u0219i produc\u00e2nd dob\u00e2nzi; sunt exceptate <em>creditele ipotecare acordate persoanelor fizice<\/em> (dob\u00e2nda corespunz\u0103toare acestor tipuri de credite nu se capitalizeaz\u0103). Capitalul astfel majorat se va pl\u0103ti e\u0219alonat pe durata r\u0103mas\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la noua dat\u0103 de maturitate a creditului. \u00cen ce prive\u0219te \u00eens\u0103 <em>creditele ipotecare acordate persoanelor fizice<\/em>, dob\u00e2nda datorat\u0103 pentru perioada \u00een care plata ratelor este suspendat\u0103 se va pl\u0103ti \u00een 60 de rate lunare egale, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu luna imediat urm\u0103toare \u00eencheierii perioadei de suspendare \u0219i va fi garantat\u0103 de statul rom\u00e2n.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Persoanele fizice autorizate, \u00eentreprinderile individuale \u015fi \u00eentreprinderile familiale sunt cele ce func\u021bioneaz\u0103 potrivit Ordonan\u021bei de Urgen\u021b\u0103 nr. 44 din 16 aprilie 2018.<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Conform Decretului nr. 195\/2020, Pre\u0219edintele Rom\u00e2niei a instituit starea de urgen\u021b\u0103 pe teritoriul Rom\u00e2niei \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu data de 16 martie 2020, pentru o perioad\u0103 de 30 de zile care poate fi ulterior re\u00eennoit\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><em>*Aceast\u0103 ePublica\u021bie este furnizat\u0103 de Radu T\u0103r\u0103cil\u0103 P\u0103durari Retevoescu SCA \u00een scop exclusiv de informare \u0219i nu reprezint\u0103 asisten\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103 sau o ofert\u0103 pentru acordarea de asisten\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103. Distribuirea acestui document nu d\u0103 na\u0219tere unei rela\u021bii avocat-client. \u00cen cazul \u00een care dori\u021bi s\u0103 solicita\u021bi asisten\u021b\u0103 juridic\u0103 cu privire la oricare dintre aspectele analizate \u00een acest document, v\u0103 rug\u0103m s\u0103 v\u0103 adresa\u021bi persoanei obi\u0219nuite de contact \u00een cadrul Radu T\u0103r\u0103cil\u0103 P\u0103durari Retevoescu SCA la +40 31 405 7777.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Guvernul Rom\u00e2niei a adoptat noi m\u0103suri destinate sprijinirii anumitor categorii de debitori rom\u00e2ni care \u00eent\u00e2mpin\u0103 dificult\u0103\u021bi financiare din cauza epidemiei.\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2161,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rtpr-emergency-journal"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rtpr.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2453","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rtpr.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rtpr.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rtpr.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rtpr.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2453"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.rtpr.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2453\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3861,"href":"https:\/\/www.rtpr.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2453\/revisions\/3861"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rtpr.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rtpr.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2453"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rtpr.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2453"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rtpr.ro\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}